Tag Archives: farming

Squash Leaf Identification

I love my Winter Squash, and each time I plant, I find beauty in their shapes and sizes, but as I get more seasoned as a grower, the nuances in the leaves also calls out to me.DSC_0398

Fig Leafed Gourd (above)

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I am getting pretty good at being able to know a squash not just by it’s fruit, but also by it’s leaf.  When selecting blooms for hand pollination seed purity, there may not be a fruit there on the vine to help you identify it.  So if you plant a small intense plot like I do, it can get confusing.  Learning how to identify the vines by the leaf patterns, colors, shapes and sizes will help you in so many ways.  As you plant in future plantings, you can plant several different looking squash plants in very close proximity and still know who is who.

Long Island Cheese Pumpkin plant in the Sun
Long Island Cheese Pumpkin plant in the Sun

Spring Cleaning at the Farm

In mid April, I have my days set on clean up.  Pulling grass, pruning chilis and eggplants, and replanting for the seasons ahead.  In the ever variable weather conditions of upcountry Hawaii, “now or never” springs to mind.  So here I am showing you how my mini kitchen gardens dapple the farm.  Though the invasive grass of the area may smother, it also protects the freshly made soil from wind erosion, as well as dehydration from the sun.

So try to think your way through tough situations, like how to deal with a smothering, drought hearty invasive grass that was brought in for the cattle industry, yet smothers the rest of us.  You are never going to win in this battle, you can only figure how to work with it’s existing properties. Kikuyu grass exists in Hawaii from 6000 ft elevation on down.  It also smothers other places like Australia.  Mowing it is one use, but the grass can be used as a living mulch that will retain soil moisture as squash vines crawl on top of it.  The grass can make bee pollination difficult, but at the same time, for squash, it can also make it difficult for melon fly and pickle worm to attack your squash plants.  There is an upside and usually a downside to just about any farm related matter in Hawaii.

Rare Gori Blue Mottled Pumpkin Trials

Growing Species Maxima squash in Hawaii has its share of complications, which is why I do not give up.  I am looking for solutions.  In the islands, Maxima pumpkins are rare, usually only showing themselves in giant pumpkin contests. also, they are usually not grown organically, even though chemicals are of little help when it comes to the two big island foes of the squash family: Pickle worm and Melon Fly.  Throw in three other varieties of tropical fruit fly, endless powdery mildew, and seed digging, fruit munching rodents, and cheap low-end hybrid squash arriving on our shores in hundreds of tons, there is a reason or two why the state of Hawaii lost this crop commercially.

…but it is tasty…and beautiful, so I continue on with my quest

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(Sorry to the kind people of Georgia.  I’ve used the outdated name “Republic of Georgia” in the video, and also noted that it was in Asia rather than Europe.  I should have consulted the atlas first!)

That is a little background so that you understand why a success with a pumpkin is a success in a much larger sense.  Take the Gori Blue Mottled pumpkin of Gori, Georgia (Europe.)  The seeds have been in my possession after Joe Simcox the Seed Explorer wanted to see if I could grow them out for more seed.  I cringed at the thought of struggling with yet another nearly sure to fail Maxima, but I agreed, and I am happy that I did.  You see, as it happened, I learned a lot from this pumpkin. It dodged a very critical bullet in that it managed to avoid detection of the oh so sneaky Melon Fly.  It did not avoid the gaze and destruction of the Pickle Worm

/moth.  But one out of two isn’t so bad, it is somewhat manageable as long as you know what you are getting yourself into.  Both predators come in cycles, related to seasons, heat, moisture…the usual.  If you give your plants enough nutrition, these long season growers are sure to have a few fruits that manage to avoid the moth/worm cycle. Pickle worm attacks stem, bloom, pollinated fruit, un pollinated fruit….yes, everything. They were the last straw for our commercial pumpkin industry. The ornamental Maximas are much easier to grow

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(think Halloween) the bland, non sweet fruits tempt no one, human nor Melon fly.  It does make a great treat for livestock and pets who don’t care that it is tasteless and watery.

So featured here in the video is a roughed up 2nd generation specimen that fell out of a tall shrub.  The robust vine got a bit carried away and climbed high, only to have the 15 lb fruit crash down during a windstorm.  In the quick video, I make a few mistakes, one being that I say it is small for it’s size, I meant to say it has a small seed cavity for it’s size, a great point for culinary varieties. I infer that it is small…but only small for me (15 vs 30 pounders)  I also note that I am going to plant them in the kitchen…oh well, I would re-shoot, but it is already prepped and a good quantity was eaten by me.  So bear with me. I also would like to recommend Hawaii growers to break off the thick stem of all Maxima variety, due to a multitude of reasons that I  will cover later.  Just trust me on that one, and I hope all will be inspired by a little “squash success.”  DSC_0338

Learning to Propagate Chilis from Cuttings

It was time to give the yearling Ghost Pepper plants a severe pruning.  Reducing them by 50% was less painful, when I got the idea to propagate from cuttings.  Here  are my attempt to do so using the simplest of tools.  Reclaimed growers rockwool are used for some, while potting mix is being used in others.  Other tools needed are : large sandwich type plastic bags, rubber bands, or string, small containers, trays of water, a sharp knife, pruners, and liquid (or powdered) rooting compound.

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I used cutting from my Ghost pepper plants, Aji Limon, and Thai Dragon.

hot housesmini hot houses

Tips:

Keep them moist and out of direct sun (these were moved after being photographed)

Short stems with two sets of leaves are best

Avoid using woody stems

Slice stem at an angle to increase rooting surface

Remove all leaves except for growing one at tip

Use bags to keep humidity high

label varieties

roots should form in 3 weeks

Transplant into soil after 3 weeks

No-till Seasonal Rotation

It was challenging to time my rotation this Spring.  I had waited and waited and tried to coax out every pumpkin I could get.  Then when the production made a swift drop, I went with a hunch and climbed up on the tractor to mow the vines and the grass. There is a point, that even after pruning, and amending the squash plants, where their production levels take a severe drop.  For me this came just short of year #2 when the well tended vines were about 21 months old.  I watched daily for male blooms, but when even their numbers were down, I made the drastic cuts and rebuilding that I will be rewarded for later this Summer.

The no-till patch is created in a clock like pattern of raised mounds of homemade soil.  The mounds were constructed from brewery waste hops, horse manure, mulch, coconut fiber, and fish emulsion created in April of 2013.  The images show the following: The mowed field grass dried in the sun, checking the farm made soil mounds for quality, new cardboard was sheet mulched into the center of the “clock like” growing patch. This card board builds soil, retains water, and will give the worms a great place to thrive.  I started to wet the cardboard with the overhead, then the rains came, which was very good luck. Next image is of roughly 1/2 of the clock patch being mowed and altered to a time.  I have weekly orders to fill, so I must leave as many active plants going as possible, while I begin the new plants.  Weather can be very up and down this time of year (hot days quickly turn to cold horizontal rains like today) Growth can be sluggish for the vines that like normal summer type days.  Next image, I am pulling back the cut grass to show the growing mounds that became lost in a sea of vines and creeping grass.  These mounds will be weeded, amended with farm made fish emulsion, then surrounded by cardboard as in the circle center.  Then I will replant with a variety of heirloom squash, some tomatillos and okra…maybe some eggplants…

It felt risky to chop any vine that was producing, but I know as those new productive vines sprawl in a couple of months, I will be sitting back in my chair, sipping a lime aid, thinking that this was exactly what needed to be done.

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